dnf 包管理器
说明
dnf 是 RPM 包管理器，也是 yum 的替代品，兼容 yum 的命令行参数和语法，但功能更强大，性能更好。
本文中使用 dnf 作为示例，在低版本发行版中（如 CentOS 7 以下），可以将 dnf 替代为 yum 使 用。
搜索软件包
$ dnf search python3
============================ 名称 精准匹配：python3 ============================
python3.x86_64 : Python 3.11 interpreter
========================== 名称 和 概况 匹配：python3 ==========================
boost-python3.x86_64 : Run-time component of boost python library for Python3
libcap-ng-python3.x86_64 : Python3 bindings for libcap-ng library
...
安装软件包
dnf install python3
卸载软件包
dnf remove python3
查询软件包详细信息
$ dnf info python3
可安装的软件包
名称 : python3
版本 : 3.11.6
发布 : 18.tl4
架构 : x86_64
大小 : 26 k
源 : python3.11-3.11.6-18.tl4.src.rpm
仓库 : BaseOS
概况 : Python 3.11 interpreter
URL : https://www.python.org/
协议 : Python-2.0.1
描述 : Python is a great object-oriented, interpreted, and interactive programming
: language. It is often compared (favorably of course :-) ) to Lisp, Tcl,
: Perl, Ruby, C#, Visual Basic, Visual Fox Pro, Scheme or Java... and it's
: much more fun.
:
: Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has modules,
: classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and dynamic typing.
: There are interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various
: windowing systems. New built-in modules are easily written in C or C++ (or
: other languages, depending on the chosen implementation). Python is also
: usable as an extension language for applications written in other languages
: that need easy-to-use scripting or automation interfaces.
:
: This package contains the Python3 interpreter.
查询软件包可用版本
$ dnf list python3 --showduplicates
已安装的软件包
python3.x86_64 3.11.6-2.tl4 @System
可安装的软件包
python3.x86_64 3.11.6-16.tl4 BaseOS
python3.x86_64 3.11.6-17.tl4 BaseOS
python3.x86_64 3.11.6-18.tl4 BaseOS
查询软件包的依赖
$ dnf deplist python3
package: python3-3.11.6-16.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.34)(64bit)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libpython3.11.so.1.0()(64bit)
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-18.tl4.x86_64
dependency: python3-libs = 3.11.6-16.tl4
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-16.tl4.x86_64
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
package: python3-3.11.6-17.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.34)(64bit)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libpython3.11.so.1.0()(64bit)
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-18.tl4.x86_64
dependency: python3-libs = 3.11.6-17.tl4
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-17.tl4.x86_64
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
package: python3-3.11.6-18.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.34)(64bit)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
dependency: libpython3.11.so.1.0()(64bit)
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-18.tl4.x86_64
dependency: python3-libs = 3.11.6-18.tl4
provider: python3-libs-3.11.6-18.tl4.x86_64
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc-2.38-33.tl4.x86_64
查看软件源列表
$ dnf repolist all
仓库 id 仓库名称 状态
AppStream TencentOS Server 4 - AppStream 启用
AppStream-debuginfo TencentOS Server 4 - AppStream-debuginfo 禁用
AppStream-source TencentOS Server 4 - AppStream Sources 禁用
BaseOS TencentOS Server 4 - BaseOS 启用
BaseOS-debuginfo TencentOS Server 4 - BaseOS-debuginfo 禁用
BaseOS-source TencentOS Server 4 - Base Sources 禁用
EPOL Extra Packages for TencentOS Server 4 - EPOL 启用
EPOL-debuginfo Extra Packages for TencentOS Server 4 - EPOL-debuginfo 禁用
EPOL-source Extra Packages for TencentOS Server 4 - EPOL-source 禁用
extras TencentOS Server 4 - extras 启用
extras-debuginfo TencentOS Server 4 - extras-debuginfo 禁用
extras-source TencentOS Server 4 - extras Sources 禁用
rancher-k3s-common-stable Rancher K3s Common (stable) 启用