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Accelerating Package Installation Using Software Repositories

Overview​

In TKE environments, when containers need to install software packages during runtime or image building, they typically use the package management tools included in the base image. However, the default software repositories in base images are often slow to use in China, resulting in very slow installation processes. Tencent Cloud actually provides software repositories for various Linux distributions. By replacing the software repositories in containers with Tencent Cloud's repositories, we can achieve acceleration.

Determining Linux Distribution Version​

Container images are usually built based on some base image. You can typically check the Dockerfile to see which Linux distribution the base image uses.

You can also directly enter a running container and execute cat /etc/os-release to check the Linux distribution version of the base image.

Ubuntu​

First, replace the software repository according to the Ubuntu release version, then execute apt update -y to update the software repository, and finally use apt install -y xxx to install the required software packages.

Below are software repository replacement methods for each distribution

Ubuntu 24​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources <<'EOF'
Types: deb
#URIs: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
URIs: http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

#Types: deb
#URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
#Suites: noble-security
#Components: main restricted universe multiverse
#Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

Ubuntu 22​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
EOF

Ubuntu 20​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

Ubuntu 18​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

Ubuntu 16​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

Debian​

First, replace the software repository according to the Debian release version, then execute apt update -y to update the software repository, and finally use apt install -y xxx to install the required software packages.

Below are software repository replacement methods for each distribution

Debian 12​

rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF

Debian 11​

rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF

Debian 10​

rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
# deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
# deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian buster-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF

Debian 9​

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian stretch-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF

CentOS​

First delete all default software repositories in CentOS image:

rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*

Then replace the software repository according to the CentOS release version, then execute the following commands to update cache:

yum clean all
yum makecache

Finally use yum install -y xxx to install the required software packages.

Below are software repository replacement methods for each distribution

CentOS 8​

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-Base.repo

[BaseOS]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - BaseOS
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
[epel]
name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-centosplus.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-centosplus.repo

[centosplus]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-Extras.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-Extras.repo

[extras]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-Devel.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-Devel.repo

[Devel]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - Devel WARNING! FOR BUILDROOT USE ONLY!
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/$contentdir/$releasever/Devel/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-AppStream.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-AppStream.repo

[AppStream]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - AppStream
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-PowerTools.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-PowerTools.repo

[PowerTools]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - PowerTools
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Qcloud-HA.repo <<'EOF'
# Qcloud-HA.repo

[HighAvailability]
name=Qcloud-$releasever - HA
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/$contentdir/$releasever/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Qcloud-8
EOF

CenOS 7​

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
[extras]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch
[os]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos os - $basearch
[updates]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos updates - $basearch
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
[epel]
name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
failovermethod=priority
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
EOF

CentOS 6​

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo <<'EOF'
[extras]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch
[os]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos os - $basearch
[updates]
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
name=Qcloud centos updates - $basearch
EOF

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Epel.repo <<'EOF'
[epel]
name=epel for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
failovermethod=priority
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
enabled=1
baseurl=http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
EOF