使用软件源加速软件包安装
概述
在 TKE 环境中,在容器运行中或构建镜像时,如果需要安装一些软件包,通常会使用基础镜像内自带的包管理工具进行安装,而基础镜像内默认的软件源在国内使用往往会比较慢,造成安装过程非常慢。而腾讯云实际本身提供了各个 linux 发行版的软件源,我们将容器内的软件源替换为腾讯云的软件源即可实现 加速。
确定 linux 发行版版本
一般容器镜像都是基于某个基础镜像构建而来,通常查看 Dockerfile 就可以直到基础镜像用的哪个 linux 发行版。
也可以直接进入运行中的容器,执行 cat /etc/os-release
来检查基础镜像的 linux 发行版版本。
Ubuntu
先根据 Ubuntu 发新版替换软件源,然后执行 apt update -y
更新软件源,最后再使用 apt install -y xxx
来安装需要的软件包。
下面是各发行版的软件源替换方法
Ubuntu 24
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources <<'EOF'
Types: deb
#URIs: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
URIs: http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
#Types: deb
#URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
#Suites: noble-security
#Components: main restricted universe multiverse
#Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF
Ubuntu 22
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
EOF
Ubuntu 20
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
Ubuntu 18
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
Ubuntu 16
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
Debian
先根据 Debian 发新版替换软件源,然后执行 apt update -y
更新软件源,最后再使用 apt install -y xxx
安装需要的软件包。
下面是各发行版的软件源替换方法
Debian 12
rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF
Debian 11
rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
#deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
EOF